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Hello, ma'am. I study archaeology.
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I'm looking for a book
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00:02:38,376 --> 00:02:40,834
by Alexander Cunningham.
4
00:02:41,501 --> 00:02:42,709
Alright. Wait a moment.
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00:02:42,876 --> 00:02:43,584
Okay.
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00:02:53,917 --> 00:02:56,084
This is Cunningham's journal.
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00:02:56,542 --> 00:02:58,584
Have a look. Will this work for you?
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00:02:58,751 --> 00:02:59,334
Let me see.
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00:02:59,834 --> 00:03:00,751
- Sure, ma'am.
- Thank you.
10
00:03:31,376 --> 00:03:33,626
There was a period in my life when
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every night before I slept.
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00:03:36,584 --> 00:03:39,584
I read a Very old Chinese book
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from the Tang Dynasty.
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The book was called A Journey To The West.
15
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It was written by a monk named Xuanzang.
16
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And in his book,
he described statues and temples all
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surrounding a Very, Very important tree.
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The tree, in fact, under which
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enlightenment was granted
to Prince Siddhartha,the Buddha.
20
00:04:09,626 --> 00:04:11,834
We found these ancient ruins.
21
00:04:13,334 --> 00:04:14,709
The Mahabodhi Temple.
22
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The Nalanda.
23
00:04:19,001 --> 00:04:20,042
And in this digging,
24
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we followed the path laid out by Xuanzang.
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It was an exciting time.
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And everywhere we went.
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Xuanzang's descriptions and our discoveries
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matched perfectly.
29
00:05:45,917 --> 00:05:48,667
I've been in India five years already.
30
00:05:49,751 --> 00:05:52,376
Mother said, in the year of the flood,
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she put me in a wooden basket
that floated downstream.
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She feared she'd never see me again.
33
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Who'd have thought I floated into a temple
34
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and an old monk saved me.
35
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I've been a monk since childhood.
36
00:06:08,417 --> 00:06:10,584
People say my brother took me there.
37
00:06:11,292 --> 00:06:13,376
But I prefer to believe my mother.
38
00:06:14,251 --> 00:06:15,751
I was fated to be a monk.
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00:06:17,792 --> 00:06:19,209
The night I left Chang'an
40
00:06:19,959 --> 00:06:21,292
seems Very long ago.
41
00:07:04,584 --> 00:07:06,917
By Imperial Decree,
42
00:07:08,667 --> 00:07:13,501
We, in sympathy with the people and their plight,
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issue a special order
44
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that they may leave
45
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and go to wherever, there is abundance
46
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to survive the famine.
47
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So be it.
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The emperor
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forbids travel to the West.
50
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Therefore the other acolytes
51
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won't travel with you to India.
52
00:08:34,751 --> 00:08:38,001
Abbot. I've made up my mind.
53
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You've mastered the Tripitaka.
54
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I see no need for you to go ahead.
55
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Although I am in Chang'an,
56
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my heart is already on the road.
57
00:08:54,501 --> 00:08:55,751
Natural disasters
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00:08:56,042 --> 00:08:57,334
left the land barren.
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00:08:58,209 --> 00:09:01,334
Years of drought led to mass famine.
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Now, frost and locusts
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forced people to flee their homes.
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Buddhists could only pray.
63
00:09:10,542 --> 00:09:12,209
But Buddhist texts came to China
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in many different translations.
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00:09:15,667 --> 00:09:17,876
People argued points of faith.
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00:09:18,792 --> 00:09:21,042
Hearing the Sanskrit sutras,
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I wanted to go to India
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to find the true original texts.
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Walking by day, resting by night,
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I lived on dew and wind.
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00:09:42,042 --> 00:09:43,042
The further from Chang'an,
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the more desolate the landscape.
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This city is called Liangzhou.
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It Wasn't just 'hang' - desolate,
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but had an air of Violence,
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abandonment and desperation.
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Catch the spies!
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Where did he come from?
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Take him in for questioning.
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Name.
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The humble monk Xuanzang.
82
00:12:21,001 --> 00:12:23,501
A monk poking his nose into trouble.
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That's how you see it.
84
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I see it as practicing my faith.
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Why are you in Liangzhou?
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I'm passing through on my way to Sidhu.
87
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You want to practice your faith,
I won't stop you.
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But pass through Liangzhou on your way to Sidhu?
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I have to ask
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do you have permission?
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No.
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No?
93
00:13:01,501 --> 00:13:02,501
How'd you leave Chang'an?
94
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With the refugees.
95
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An illegal border crossing.
96
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You put yourself at risk
97
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and dragged me into it too.
98
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Your trip ends in Liangzhou.
99
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Forget going further west.
100
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Ten years of study and not one true text.
101
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I need to collect the scriptures
for the sake of the faith.
102
00:13:22,917 --> 00:13:24,251
Don't you know the law?
103
00:13:25,001 --> 00:13:26,626
His Majesty sent me, Li Daliang
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to the western regions
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to strengthen the borders.
106
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Try to cross and it's a year in jail.
107
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Succeed and you get worse.
108
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I want Buddhism to endure, that's all.
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Your devotion moves me. I won't punish you.
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But today go back to Chang'an.
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I'm ordering all officials
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from here to the West
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to arrest you on sight.
114
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Your luck runs out here.
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What's up?
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Mahayana-samgraha-sastra
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Volume One
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Translation by Paramartha.
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I've been thwarted, but I won't give up.
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I'll teach here in Liangzhou
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until they've forgotten my quest.
122
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Then the Venerable Hui Wei
will help me get away.
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Master
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Why do you wear a patchwork robe?
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Buddha, meditating on the mountain,
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saw the fields below
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square, neat, clearly marked.
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It gladdened his heart.
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He had his disciples find scraps of cloth,
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wash them clean
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and sew them together
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to resemble the fields.
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It's Called a lucky-field robe.
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A monk wears the robe
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as the hill wears its fields,
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sowing seeds of fortune with faith.
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When a monk lectures
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in a lucky-field robe
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good fortune spreads outwards
and protects the living.
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"Your blue robe, ever in my mind..."
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Smells nice.
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Venerable
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my name is Li Chang.
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Bless you.
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M'1ord.
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Y mite not him, amen“: you'?
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Tell me the truth.
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That way, I can help you out.
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My name is Xuanzang and yes, I am that man.
150
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Please help me out.
151
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Since you admit it, I ought to arrest you
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and return you to Liangzhou.
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Yet seeing you
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eating thin gruel out in the cold.
155
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I saw how hard it is for a monk.
156
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Hard, yes, but it's my destiny
and I am happy with it.
157
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Why's that?
158
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I think only of Buddha
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and of the texts I'll find in Sidhu.
160
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I fear you won't make it.
161
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Say I let you pass by Guazhou.
162
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You'll never get through Yumen Pass.
163
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And the other road
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winds around five Watchtowers
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Three hundred miles apart, no water anywhere.
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Generals guard all water sources.
It would defeat a god.
167
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Say you make it past the five.
168
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Behind lies the Vast Gobi Desert,
169
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just hot Winds and desolation.
170
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Most camel trains don't make it out alive.
171
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On your own without even a horse
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all the way to Sidhu - forget it.
173
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My advice return east to Chang'an.
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Sir,
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I've come this far. I won't turn back.
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Should I die on the way,
it will be Without regret.
177
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I got past Guazhou,
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grateful to Li Chang,
who took risks to help me.
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Although he tore up the Warrant
180
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Liangzhou had sent them
to every western guard post.
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From now on
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at no pass could I let down my guard.
183
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Otherwise, I'd fail in my quest.
184
00:20:43,584 --> 00:20:45,084
From ancient times,
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monks have traveled with merchant caravans.
186
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I was grateful to them
187
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for taking me time and again.
188
00:21:14,042 --> 00:21:15,334
How'd you get those out?
189
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At the frontier
190
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they were still just eggs.
191
00:21:22,084 --> 00:21:23,626
They didn't find them.
192
00:21:26,126 --> 00:21:28,334
The mulberry leaves should last to Cuiye.
193
00:21:29,751 --> 00:21:32,751
By then, they'll be making cocoons.
194
00:21:36,917 --> 00:21:39,417
Cocoons - that means silk.
195
00:21:39,959 --> 00:21:41,959
Weaving is an important art.
196
00:21:43,542 --> 00:21:44,584
I've thought it through.
197
00:21:45,584 --> 00:21:48,834
Next time I'm in the south,
I'll marry a Weaving girl to take home.
198
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I'll treat her really well.
199
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And We'll make silk.
200
00:21:55,459 --> 00:21:59,792
With silk, I don't have to work so hard
201
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lugging stuff here and there.
202
00:22:02,917 --> 00:22:04,584
May you be blessed.
203
00:22:05,209 --> 00:22:06,376
You're a good man.
204
00:22:07,084 --> 00:22:09,751
Venerable, I have a question.
205
00:22:10,751 --> 00:22:12,501
What is the world, really?
206
00:22:14,376 --> 00:22:15,376
My world
207
00:22:16,292 --> 00:22:17,917
is taking things this place has
208
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to a place without them.
209
00:22:21,542 --> 00:22:24,542
Coming in, I bring what China lacks
210
00:22:25,376 --> 00:22:26,459
what you call
211
00:22:27,042 --> 00:22:30,751
"barbarian" pepper, flax and carrot seeds.
212
00:22:31,751 --> 00:22:34,959
Going out, I want to take silkworms With me.
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00:22:37,876 --> 00:22:39,417
This is my world.
214
00:22:39,751 --> 00:22:41,501
I am going to India for scriptures
215
00:22:41,667 --> 00:22:44,667
to fill a lack as well.
216
00:22:46,501 --> 00:22:47,417
Monk,
217
00:22:48,209 --> 00:22:50,792
we're going to pick up the pace.
218
00:22:51,584 --> 00:22:53,459
Why don't you ride on a camel?
219
00:22:55,334 --> 00:22:57,959
No need. I'll try to keep up.
220
00:23:15,709 --> 00:23:18,001
Random encounters and farewells
221
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gave joy followed by loneliness.
222
00:23:21,251 --> 00:23:22,959
When I said goodbye
223
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I was filled with worry for them.
224
00:23:26,209 --> 00:23:29,542
Bandits often ambushed caravans
225
00:23:29,876 --> 00:23:33,334
who had no defense against their Violence.
226
00:23:52,167 --> 00:23:53,042
Please, good sir,
227
00:23:53,209 --> 00:23:55,292
are any caravans heading West?
228
00:23:58,709 --> 00:23:59,751
Please, good sir,
229
00:23:59,917 --> 00:24:02,126
are any caravans heading West?
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00:24:07,709 --> 00:24:08,459
Monk,
231
00:24:08,876 --> 00:24:11,042
there's fighting there, it's dangerous.
232
00:24:11,542 --> 00:24:14,251
Forget it. No one's going.
233
00:24:17,876 --> 00:24:18,876
Please, good sir,
234
00:24:19,042 --> 00:24:20,792
are any caravans heading West?
235
00:24:21,459 --> 00:24:22,459
Heading west?
236
00:24:22,876 --> 00:24:23,667
Venerable
237
00:24:24,417 --> 00:24:26,542
I'm heading West. I'll take you.
238
00:24:57,876 --> 00:24:59,876
Is Sidhu far?
239
00:25:00,501 --> 00:25:01,292
Very-
240
00:25:03,417 --> 00:25:04,792
And you're going alone?
241
00:25:05,542 --> 00:25:06,292
Yes.
242
00:25:07,542 --> 00:25:08,667
Why?
243
00:25:09,792 --> 00:25:10,584
Why?
244
00:25:13,167 --> 00:25:14,459
It's my fate, I guess.
245
00:25:18,084 --> 00:25:21,001
All right. Leave me here.
246
00:25:49,834 --> 00:25:50,959
Liao Wu,
247
00:25:51,376 --> 00:25:54,459
a monk may be coming to Visit.
248
00:25:54,876 --> 00:25:55,667
Abbot,
249
00:25:55,834 --> 00:25:58,084
No one has come for six months.
250
00:26:00,001 --> 00:26:05,292
Last night I dreamed a monk
was sitting on a lotus
251
00:26:05,501 --> 00:26:07,792
flying from east to west.
252
00:26:09,501 --> 00:26:13,042
Don't disturb him.
253
00:26:17,084 --> 00:26:19,667
Bodhisattva, help your disciple.
254
00:26:20,292 --> 00:26:21,917
This journey from Chang'an
255
00:26:22,084 --> 00:26:24,626
is harder than I ever imagined.
256
00:26:24,792 --> 00:26:26,584
The road to India is long
257
00:26:27,084 --> 00:26:30,709
and all I see is desolation.
258
00:26:31,792 --> 00:26:34,792
It leaves me dazed and yet your disciple
doesn't waver from his goal.
259
00:26:34,959 --> 00:26:36,501
Please, help me.
260
00:26:37,667 --> 00:26:39,584
I need Buddha's support
261
00:26:39,751 --> 00:26:42,876
to reach India and the scriptures.
262
00:27:05,501 --> 00:27:06,209
Good sir,
263
00:27:07,001 --> 00:27:09,792
You've followed me a while.
Why not Walk with me?
264
00:27:11,042 --> 00:27:12,209
I'm not worthy.
265
00:27:12,376 --> 00:27:15,667
The abbot had a dream about you.
266
00:27:15,834 --> 00:27:17,917
I'm Vandak. I've chased after you
267
00:27:18,084 --> 00:27:19,167
to bring you food.
268
00:27:19,334 --> 00:27:21,459
Please, instruct me.
269
00:27:36,376 --> 00:27:37,667
Buddha gives loving protection
270
00:27:38,417 --> 00:27:40,209
to those of pure heart
271
00:27:40,501 --> 00:27:42,376
and trust in the 'three treasures'.
272
00:27:43,167 --> 00:27:47,251
These are Buddha, Dharma and monkhood.
273
00:27:47,792 --> 00:27:48,542
Do you understand?
274
00:27:49,001 --> 00:27:50,042
I do.
275
00:27:50,542 --> 00:27:53,542
Five basic precepts govern the life of the monk.
276
00:27:54,042 --> 00:27:56,209
Monks and other seekers
277
00:27:56,376 --> 00:27:58,334
of inner peace follow them
278
00:27:59,001 --> 00:28:02,126
no killing, no stealing, no lust,
279
00:28:02,292 --> 00:28:04,292
no lying, no drinking.
280
00:28:08,042 --> 00:28:08,917
I see.
281
00:28:09,626 --> 00:28:12,626
It's not a big price for release.
282
00:28:12,876 --> 00:28:14,834
One, no killing, two, no stealing,
283
00:28:15,001 --> 00:28:17,042
three, no lust, four, no lying,
284
00:28:17,209 --> 00:28:17,834
five...
285
00:28:20,792 --> 00:28:22,001
no drinking.
286
00:28:30,667 --> 00:28:33,001
It was hard going for a While.
287
00:28:33,584 --> 00:28:36,001
Vandak showed me many shortcuts.
288
00:28:36,542 --> 00:28:39,292
He'd been in a gang robbing caravans.
289
00:28:39,542 --> 00:28:42,292
But they fought over the spoils.
290
00:28:42,917 --> 00:28:45,584
He chose VOWS over impossible revenge.
291
00:28:45,751 --> 00:28:47,834
This released him from Vexation.
292
00:28:48,459 --> 00:28:51,084
When I told him I had no travel permit
293
00:28:51,251 --> 00:28:54,667
Vandak was startled, it was a shock.
294
00:28:55,251 --> 00:28:58,917
He knew illegal crossings could get you killed.
295
00:28:59,667 --> 00:29:03,959
He was fearful and wavering.
296
00:29:08,626 --> 00:29:11,626
Master, do you know where India is?
297
00:29:11,834 --> 00:29:12,667
In my heart.
298
00:29:15,001 --> 00:29:16,501
So you don't know.
299
00:29:17,501 --> 00:29:19,251
Except for the road ahead
300
00:29:19,417 --> 00:29:21,626
you know nothing and see nothing.
301
00:29:22,501 --> 00:29:25,126
Can you really find Buddha?
302
00:29:26,251 --> 00:29:27,792
You've put aside older cares
303
00:29:28,042 --> 00:29:29,542
and taken on new ones
304
00:30:51,126 --> 00:30:52,084
Vandak.
305
00:30:52,792 --> 00:30:53,667
Yes, master?
306
00:30:54,459 --> 00:30:56,042
Last night you wanted to kill me.
307
00:30:59,417 --> 00:31:01,959
It's true, I had thoughts of murder.
308
00:31:02,417 --> 00:31:03,501
Why didn't you do it?
309
00:31:03,709 --> 00:31:05,209
I was torn, confused.
310
00:31:16,876 --> 00:31:20,167
Master, I've been full of regret.
311
00:31:20,334 --> 00:31:23,417
Please, return to Chang'an.
312
00:31:25,334 --> 00:31:26,417
You can go home.
313
00:31:28,417 --> 00:31:29,584
If you won't turn back,
314
00:31:29,751 --> 00:31:31,001
it'll be the end of me.
315
00:31:34,459 --> 00:31:36,542
Master, The Five Peaks lay ahead.
316
00:31:36,709 --> 00:31:37,792
I can't get you past the guard post.
317
00:31:37,959 --> 00:31:39,042
You'll be arrested.
318
00:31:39,376 --> 00:31:40,251
That's not your problem.
319
00:31:40,751 --> 00:31:42,251
But if they learn I helped you,
320
00:31:42,417 --> 00:31:43,917
they won't just kill me
321
00:31:44,084 --> 00:31:45,876
but my whole family will be in danger.
322
00:31:46,084 --> 00:31:47,001
That's why, last night,
323
00:31:47,167 --> 00:31:48,376
I thought to kill you.
324
00:31:54,626 --> 00:31:55,751
Vandak.
325
00:31:56,834 --> 00:31:58,292
Our connection is unbroken.
326
00:31:58,792 --> 00:31:59,751
Go.
327
00:32:04,709 --> 00:32:06,292
Even if I am arrested,
328
00:32:06,584 --> 00:32:07,626
even if I am tortured,
329
00:32:08,209 --> 00:32:09,959
I will never tell them about you.
330
00:32:11,209 --> 00:32:11,917
Hurry, go.
331
00:32:12,376 --> 00:32:13,709
- Master.
- Go.
332
00:32:29,167 --> 00:32:33,209
Master. The road to Yiwu is long.
333
00:32:33,834 --> 00:32:36,292
Find an old horse that knows the way.
334
00:33:04,584 --> 00:33:07,126
Ahead lies the Vast desert.
335
00:33:07,292 --> 00:33:09,334
If you insist on going,
336
00:33:09,542 --> 00:33:12,042
then take my horse as an offering.
337
00:33:12,459 --> 00:33:14,459
It's sturdy and knows the Way.
338
00:33:14,626 --> 00:33:16,959
Still. The River of Flowing Sand,
339
00:33:17,167 --> 00:33:18,626
takes nine lives out of ten.
340
00:33:18,792 --> 00:33:21,251
Venerable, please reconsider.
341
00:33:30,667 --> 00:33:31,751
The Tang monk
342
00:33:32,167 --> 00:33:34,126
you only just got this far?
343
00:33:34,626 --> 00:33:35,542
IVS you!
344
00:33:35,792 --> 00:33:37,084
You're still by yourself'?
345
00:33:38,376 --> 00:33:39,209
Yes.
346
00:33:41,542 --> 00:33:42,917
Look after this horse
347
00:33:43,709 --> 00:33:45,751
she's a pretty old horse.
348
00:33:46,542 --> 00:33:48,334
I understand.
349
00:33:49,626 --> 00:33:51,042
Will you return?
350
00:33:55,584 --> 00:33:56,417
Yes.
351
00:35:26,751 --> 00:35:27,751
Who are you?
352
00:35:28,542 --> 00:35:29,709
A monk
353
00:35:30,417 --> 00:35:31,459
from the capital.
354
00:35:32,167 --> 00:35:33,167
Please spare me.
355
00:36:01,959 --> 00:36:03,667
You can't be Xuanzang.
356
00:36:04,251 --> 00:36:05,876
News from the east says
357
00:36:07,126 --> 00:36:09,917
Xuanzang is returning to Chang'an.
358
00:36:10,834 --> 00:36:12,459
All of you, leave us.
359
00:36:20,334 --> 00:36:22,209
I don't want to know your name.
360
00:36:24,209 --> 00:36:25,917
So don't tell me.
361
00:36:30,834 --> 00:36:32,376
It's the middle of the night.
362
00:36:32,667 --> 00:36:34,417
If you were in a temple now
363
00:36:35,334 --> 00:36:36,542
what would you be doing?
364
00:36:39,334 --> 00:36:40,459
Early prayers.
365
00:36:47,417 --> 00:36:48,917
Is that Dharma, Buddhist law?
366
00:36:50,292 --> 00:36:51,709
I know nothing about it.
367
00:36:57,042 --> 00:36:57,959
Have a seat.
368
00:37:33,251 --> 00:37:34,584
Taking monastic VOWS
369
00:37:35,459 --> 00:37:37,376
seems to make a man happy -
370
00:37:39,001 --> 00:37:40,042
but not at ease.
371
00:37:41,001 --> 00:37:42,209
More at ease in fact.
372
00:37:45,417 --> 00:37:46,209
Why?
373
00:37:47,042 --> 00:37:49,792
We know what to do and what not to do.
374
00:37:49,959 --> 00:37:50,667
It requires no thought.
375
00:37:51,334 --> 00:37:53,501
In his enlightenment, Buddha realized
376
00:37:54,084 --> 00:37:55,959
the 'four noble truths'.
377
00:37:56,126 --> 00:37:57,126
What's that about?
378
00:37:57,876 --> 00:38:00,001
Suffering. Release.
379
00:38:02,334 --> 00:38:04,001
Suffering.
380
00:38:05,501 --> 00:38:07,292
Release.
381
00:38:14,917 --> 00:38:17,167
I've guarded this place for seven years
382
00:38:17,501 --> 00:38:21,542
and all I know is suffering.
How can I find release?
383
00:38:22,876 --> 00:38:24,042
Why do you suffer?
384
00:38:25,459 --> 00:38:26,709
You have to ask?
385
00:38:28,042 --> 00:38:32,292
The watchtower is my prison.
386
00:38:38,376 --> 00:38:41,834
To you, the watchtower is like a prison.
387
00:38:42,292 --> 00:38:44,459
To me, starved for 300 miles,
388
00:38:44,626 --> 00:38:46,376
and finding here food and Water,
389
00:38:46,792 --> 00:38:49,001
it is a place of deliverance.
390
00:38:49,542 --> 00:38:51,292
Nothing in life is constant.
391
00:38:51,459 --> 00:38:54,751
Venerable, I spend all day waiting for night
392
00:38:55,042 --> 00:38:56,834
so I can sleep and dream.
393
00:38:57,834 --> 00:39:00,042
Dream as in fantasies?
394
00:39:00,292 --> 00:39:01,126
No.
395
00:39:02,751 --> 00:39:06,876
Just dream. Like everyone does
396
00:39:07,251 --> 00:39:09,209
no matter how hard their day.
397
00:39:10,751 --> 00:39:12,834
So long as I am dreaming
398
00:39:13,876 --> 00:39:15,251
I am happy-
399
00:39:17,501 --> 00:39:20,084
I often dream I'm wearing fancy Tang robes,
400
00:39:20,251 --> 00:39:21,459
strolling through Chang'an.
401
00:39:22,501 --> 00:39:24,792
Then I wake into a different world.
402
00:39:25,209 --> 00:39:26,167
Dreams are wine.
403
00:39:28,751 --> 00:39:30,209
Life is dregs.
404
00:39:32,001 --> 00:39:35,251
Your insight moves me deeply.
405
00:39:36,792 --> 00:39:39,417
The first Noble Truth - impermanence
406
00:39:39,792 --> 00:39:40,876
There are three others.
407
00:39:41,834 --> 00:39:43,001
Desire is suffering.
408
00:39:43,584 --> 00:39:46,959
There is no self in Dharma. Nirvana is stillness.
409
00:39:48,292 --> 00:39:50,084
These are the Four Noble Truths.
410
00:39:50,834 --> 00:39:52,376
I give them to you.
411
00:39:59,376 --> 00:40:02,876
Venerable. To avoid the Watchtowers
412
00:40:03,376 --> 00:40:04,542
is impossible.
413
00:40:05,667 --> 00:40:07,292
You must go southwest instead.
414
00:40:07,459 --> 00:40:09,292
And cross the Taklamakan.
415
00:40:10,501 --> 00:40:12,792
If you can find Wild Horse Spring
416
00:40:13,167 --> 00:40:14,334
you'll make it.
417
00:40:15,334 --> 00:40:16,459
If you can't,
418
00:40:17,584 --> 00:40:19,084
then you must turn back.
419
00:40:20,501 --> 00:40:22,084
I'll wait here for you.
420
00:41:18,376 --> 00:41:20,959
So I've heard
421
00:41:21,126 --> 00:41:21,959
Amitabha
422
00:41:22,126 --> 00:41:22,834
Idealism
423
00:41:23,001 --> 00:41:24,209
Nalanda
424
00:41:25,167 --> 00:41:27,417
All is emptiness
425
00:41:29,792 --> 00:41:31,251
Walking alone in the desert,
426
00:41:31,876 --> 00:41:33,917
it seems like it will never end.
427
00:41:35,084 --> 00:41:36,501
No one speaks with you,
428
00:41:36,876 --> 00:41:39,042
no bird or animal to make a sound,
429
00:41:40,501 --> 00:41:44,626
and you have only the wind
and your own shadow to talk to.
430
00:43:59,584 --> 00:44:00,626
C'mon.
431
00:44:00,792 --> 00:44:01,667
C'mon.
432
00:44:04,959 --> 00:44:05,667
What is it?
433
00:44:08,042 --> 00:44:09,292
If we waver for a moment,
434
00:44:10,001 --> 00:44:11,751
we'll be back on the road to Chang'an.
435
00:44:13,084 --> 00:44:14,209
We'll get out of here.
436
00:44:14,584 --> 00:44:15,209
C'mon.
437
00:44:17,167 --> 00:44:18,042
Come.
438
00:44:22,334 --> 00:44:27,126
C'mon.
439
00:44:29,417 --> 00:44:30,126
C'mon.
440
00:44:33,334 --> 00:44:34,001
All right.
441
00:44:34,167 --> 00:44:35,459
Maybe you're right.
442
00:44:36,126 --> 00:44:38,001
There's water back at the watchtower.
443
00:44:44,042 --> 00:44:46,834
But no, we have to keep going.
444
00:44:47,001 --> 00:44:47,626
You'll make it.
445
00:44:48,459 --> 00:44:49,501
You will. Let's go.
446
00:45:20,376 --> 00:45:22,459
Maybe it's like Wang Xiang said -
447
00:45:23,126 --> 00:45:25,459
this is a dream that feels real,
448
00:45:26,584 --> 00:45:28,667
but I am only traveling in my sleep.
449
00:45:29,292 --> 00:45:30,834
Or perhaps I'm really on my way
450
00:45:31,042 --> 00:45:33,167
but have entered a world of illusion.
451
00:45:37,334 --> 00:45:41,501
Not only will you see rivers of sand
452
00:45:42,042 --> 00:45:45,376
but there are invisible demons
453
00:45:46,584 --> 00:45:50,334
that follow people there, shadowing them.
454
00:45:51,292 --> 00:45:55,542
It's said, they can conjure up mirages
455
00:45:55,709 --> 00:45:57,042
to confuse the traveller.
456
00:49:53,959 --> 00:49:58,876
There's no way out.
457
00:50:04,167 --> 00:50:05,584
I, the humble monk Xuanzang,
458
00:50:06,167 --> 00:50:09,251
in the 20th year of W en Di' s reign
was hem 'm Geu County , Luozhou.
459
00:50:11,834 --> 00:50:14,292
My surname is Chen.
My mother died when I was five.
460
00:50:15,459 --> 00:50:19,126
When I was seven,
my father schooled me in the classics.
461
00:50:19,292 --> 00:50:21,751
He died when I was ten. With my older brother
462
00:50:22,334 --> 00:50:25,084
I went to the Pure Land Temple to study Dharma,
463
00:50:25,834 --> 00:50:27,251
and became a monk at thirteen.
464
00:50:27,959 --> 00:50:31,251
I read the Nirvana Sutra
and the Mahayana Compendium.
465
00:50:32,792 --> 00:50:34,209
Later, in the southwest
466
00:50:35,167 --> 00:50:37,126
I both studied and taught.
467
00:50:41,834 --> 00:50:47,834
And now I will die here in the Gashun Gobi.
468
00:50:48,626 --> 00:50:49,667
There is no way out.
469
00:50:53,167 --> 00:50:54,292
There is no way out.
470
00:51:21,709 --> 00:51:22,376
Son -
471
00:51:23,001 --> 00:51:25,667
Yesterday I dreamed you'd grown up
472
00:51:26,417 --> 00:51:30,709
and rode a white horse to a Very faraway place.
473
00:51:36,209 --> 00:51:39,542
Mother. What are you saying?
474
00:51:41,751 --> 00:51:43,126
What are you saying?
475
00:56:09,876 --> 00:56:11,584
When I stopped at Yiwu
476
00:56:12,042 --> 00:56:14,126
I heard the sound of hooves.
477
00:56:14,667 --> 00:56:16,751
Ga0chang's king wanted to see me.
478
00:56:17,209 --> 00:56:19,209
But I wasn't headed to Gaochang.
479
00:56:19,792 --> 00:56:21,959
It was hard for the King of Yiwu.
480
00:56:24,834 --> 00:56:27,667
Gaochang, it's a big country.
481
00:56:27,959 --> 00:56:29,584
We are all afraid of it.
482
00:56:30,042 --> 00:56:32,667
Venerable, if you don't go,
483
00:56:32,834 --> 00:56:34,626
I fear he'll invade Yiwu.
484
00:56:34,792 --> 00:56:37,792
So, please, go to Gaochang.
485
00:56:39,126 --> 00:56:39,876
You must go.
486
00:58:34,251 --> 00:58:37,542
Venerable,
As a boy, with my father the king,
487
00:58:37,709 --> 00:58:39,584
I traveled to your great cities
488
00:58:40,501 --> 00:58:44,667
wealthy places like Yan, Dai, Fen, J in.
489
00:58:45,167 --> 00:58:47,251
They deeply impressed on me
490
00:58:47,584 --> 00:58:51,126
I saw there was an art to ruling.
491
00:58:53,834 --> 00:58:57,959
Please, Venerable,
what can Buddhism teach a king?
492
00:58:59,667 --> 00:59:00,792
What I know is this:
493
00:59:01,084 --> 00:59:03,334
to safeguard the country,
be charitable and upright,
494
00:59:03,917 --> 00:59:05,959
and you protect all living things.
495
00:59:07,084 --> 00:59:09,001
If you help spread the faith
496
00:59:09,417 --> 00:59:11,501
you don't only enrich one kingdom
497
00:59:11,834 --> 00:59:13,501
but bring peace to all.
498
00:59:15,667 --> 00:59:18,376
May I ask, Venerable, what scripture says this?
499
00:59:18,792 --> 00:59:21,584
The Prajnaparamita Sutras.
500
00:59:23,876 --> 00:59:26,751
Please, Venerable
Take me as your student.
501
00:59:31,542 --> 00:59:33,917
I was moved by the king's sincerity
502
00:59:34,792 --> 00:59:36,417
and rested here for a while.
503
00:59:36,584 --> 00:59:39,417
I taught scripture, months passed.
504
00:59:58,501 --> 01:00:01,584
Gaochang is prosperous and has many faithful.
505
01:00:01,751 --> 01:00:05,334
They'll look after you. You stay here,
506
01:00:06,667 --> 01:00:09,959
and have a good life. I've kept my word.
507
01:00:12,834 --> 01:00:14,084
Now I must be on my way.
508
01:00:27,792 --> 01:00:31,834
Venerable, I've pledged
to support you your whole life.
509
01:00:32,501 --> 01:00:35,542
And commanded my people to become your disciples.
510
01:00:35,709 --> 01:00:38,751
All these offerings express my sincere desire
511
01:00:39,667 --> 01:00:42,834
that you, Venerable can help your disciple
512
01:00:43,459 --> 01:00:47,459
by staying in Gaochang.
Forget the journey to the west.
513
01:00:57,626 --> 01:01:00,959
Your offer is generous, but I can't accept.
514
01:01:01,292 --> 01:01:02,834
My sense of purpose
515
01:01:03,667 --> 01:01:07,167
grows stronger every day.
I cannot give up my quest.
516
01:01:08,167 --> 01:01:09,834
Please, let me go.
517
01:01:23,334 --> 01:01:24,459
I'll put it bluntly
518
01:01:25,126 --> 01:01:28,292
because Gaochang has no other Buddhist teacher,
519
01:01:28,459 --> 01:01:30,917
we have to impose on you. Guide us
520
01:01:31,542 --> 01:01:32,584
out of darkness.
521
01:01:53,376 --> 01:01:56,251
If you still Won't agree,
I'll be Very clear with you.
522
01:01:56,417 --> 01:01:57,376
You have two choices.
523
01:01:57,959 --> 01:01:59,876
One, stay in Gaochang
524
01:02:00,376 --> 01:02:01,751
and accept our support.
525
01:02:02,042 --> 01:02:05,459
Two, be forcibly returned to the Tang.
526
01:02:10,584 --> 01:02:13,417
Sir, you can imprison my body
527
01:02:13,709 --> 01:02:17,501
but not my spirit.
528
01:03:01,542 --> 01:03:05,292
Venerable, our king invites you to eat.
529
01:04:22,584 --> 01:04:26,167
I've done a terrible thing,
causing you such grief.
530
01:04:29,501 --> 01:04:34,292
I won't detain you any longer.
Please take some food,
531
01:04:35,876 --> 01:04:36,792
Venerable.
532
01:05:34,459 --> 01:05:36,626
I reconciled with the king.
533
01:05:36,959 --> 01:05:38,376
People accompanied me on my way.
534
01:05:39,001 --> 01:05:41,167
Buddhism was growing in influence.
535
01:05:41,626 --> 01:05:44,292
People treated us as guests of honour.
536
01:05:44,709 --> 01:05:46,751
After the beautiful music of Kucina
537
01:05:47,126 --> 01:05:48,417
what awaited us
538
01:05:48,584 --> 01:05:51,209
were the dangerous peaks of Lingshan
539
01:08:35,126 --> 01:08:37,209
After a few dangerous, hard years,
540
01:08:37,542 --> 01:08:39,001
we reached Suyab
541
01:08:39,334 --> 01:08:40,501
in Turkestan,
542
01:08:41,167 --> 01:08:42,834
crossed the central Asian steppes,
543
01:08:43,376 --> 01:08:45,376
and finally reached Sidhu.
544
01:10:02,417 --> 01:10:04,626
Finally, I was in Nélandfi.
545
01:10:05,792 --> 01:10:08,292
Finally, I was in the temple of my dreams.
546
01:10:10,126 --> 01:10:10,917
I'm here.
547
01:10:12,167 --> 01:10:13,334
I'm here.
548
01:12:07,459 --> 01:12:08,459
Young man,
549
01:12:10,042 --> 01:12:12,917
where have you come from?
550
01:12:13,417 --> 01:12:14,917
Master,
551
01:12:15,084 --> 01:12:16,626
My name is Xuanzang.
552
01:12:17,042 --> 01:12:20,709
I've come from the Tang.
553
01:12:21,001 --> 01:12:29,084
How long did it take you?
554
01:12:29,376 --> 01:12:31,501
Four years.
555
01:12:36,292 --> 01:12:42,834
Why have you come to Nfilandfi?
556
01:12:43,126 --> 01:12:44,584
Master,
557
01:12:44,751 --> 01:12:55,001
I came to study Yogficéra with you.
558
01:12:55,459 --> 01:13:00,542
Wonderful. Good.
559
01:13:03,167 --> 01:13:05,001
Three years ago,
560
01:13:06,209 --> 01:13:12,376
the Bodhisattvas
561
01:13:14,042 --> 01:13:16,709
Maitreya
562
01:13:17,584 --> 01:13:21,876
and Manjusri
563
01:13:22,209 --> 01:13:28,417
came to me in a dream
564
01:13:29,417 --> 01:13:31,084
and said:
565
01:13:31,417 --> 01:13:41,709
"a monk from the Tang
566
01:13:43,042 --> 01:13:48,542
will study Dharma with you."
567
01:13:49,292 --> 01:13:55,459
Amitabha, Amitabha, Amitabha
568
01:14:17,751 --> 01:14:19,917
Rise, young man.
569
01:14:30,126 --> 01:14:37,876
I have lived this long awaiting your arrival.
570
01:15:09,751 --> 01:15:18,042
When the good person faces death
571
01:15:18,792 --> 01:15:27,251
They are freed from torment and desire.
572
01:15:27,667 --> 01:15:33,001
When the bad face death
573
01:15:33,709 --> 01:15:41,584
they are haunted by What awaits them.
574
01:16:04,959 --> 01:16:06,417
Five years passed.
575
01:16:07,167 --> 01:16:09,584
I'd return to Chang'an soon.
576
01:16:10,126 --> 01:16:13,292
I wanted to see Sidhu first.
577
01:16:13,667 --> 01:16:17,417
Without thinking, another five years.
passed like that.
578
01:16:21,209 --> 01:16:23,251
Finally, I came to Mahabodhi,
579
01:16:23,917 --> 01:16:25,959
where Buddha achieved enlightenment.
580
01:16:26,251 --> 01:16:28,334
It is a sacred place of pilgrimage.
581
01:16:28,876 --> 01:16:32,126
Approaching, I felt I saw the Buddha,
582
01:16:33,001 --> 01:16:34,834
like I was speaking with him.
583
01:16:36,042 --> 01:16:38,709
That moment thrilled me to the core.
584
01:17:05,501 --> 01:17:08,501
I've heard that in the Tang,
585
01:17:08,667 --> 01:17:12,084
people eat leeks and garlic.
586
01:17:12,251 --> 01:17:16,459
They're not banned for lay people.
587
01:17:16,751 --> 01:17:22,167
Here, if you eat such things
you're chased out of town.
588
01:17:22,334 --> 01:17:25,084
But ginger and mustard are fine.
589
01:17:25,251 --> 01:17:29,459
Different places, different customs.
590
01:17:29,626 --> 01:17:32,167
At home, we use chopsticks
591
01:17:32,334 --> 01:17:38,876
but here, hands,
so we must Wash them before meals.
592
01:17:58,667 --> 01:18:03,042
Swami, I have a question.
I blink and that star disappears.
593
01:18:03,209 --> 01:18:06,084
Is this what is called a "ksana"?
594
01:18:06,959 --> 01:18:11,042
The eye is not quick enough to perceive a ksana.
595
01:18:12,584 --> 01:18:15,126
How long is a ksana?
596
01:18:18,001 --> 01:18:20,792
Take this movement.
597
01:18:21,834 --> 01:18:25,917
Divide it into 75 parts
598
01:18:26,251 --> 01:18:27,917
each of these is a ksana.
599
01:18:28,084 --> 01:18:32,792
So that's how you measure it.
600
01:18:33,834 --> 01:18:37,751
Impossible to grasp.
601
01:18:41,292 --> 01:18:45,792
"Ksana" - a Sanskrit word.
In Chinese, "nianqin"
602
01:18:46,167 --> 01:18:48,792
the time it takes for a thought to form.
603
01:18:49,292 --> 01:18:52,209
People often say: "hold in one's heart"
604
01:18:52,501 --> 01:18:55,626
This "hold" - niannian also comes from Buddhism.
605
01:18:56,292 --> 01:18:58,709
It's meaning is beyond words.
606
01:19:13,501 --> 01:19:15,626
I followed the footsteps of Buddha,
607
01:19:16,251 --> 01:19:18,126
seeking his path to enlightenment.
608
01:19:19,501 --> 01:19:22,667
Buddha was the rich and spoiled prince
609
01:19:22,834 --> 01:19:24,251
Siddhartha Gautama.
610
01:19:25,417 --> 01:19:26,667
In his youth,
611
01:19:27,584 --> 01:19:29,751
he knew nothing of the world's suffering.
612
01:19:30,667 --> 01:19:31,751
Then, one day,
613
01:19:32,542 --> 01:19:36,209
he saw an old man, a sick man and a poor man.
614
01:19:37,417 --> 01:19:39,459
To release the world from suffering,
615
01:19:40,001 --> 01:19:41,834
He left town in the dark of night.
616
01:19:42,459 --> 01:19:45,417
He thought deeply on the path that led to Nirvana.
617
01:19:46,834 --> 01:19:49,167
The world today is full of war,
618
01:19:49,626 --> 01:19:51,626
inequality and Violence.
619
01:19:52,626 --> 01:19:55,834
Yet, though I am of this troubled earth,
620
01:19:56,792 --> 01:20:01,459
my heart is planted in Sukhfwati, Land of Bliss.
621
01:20:21,417 --> 01:20:23,667
Hello, sir.
622
01:20:23,834 --> 01:20:27,001
Why not Walk in the middle?
623
01:20:32,542 --> 01:20:35,084
I'll tell you the answer.
624
01:20:37,084 --> 01:20:44,667
Butchers, prostitutes, beggars and so on
625
01:20:44,834 --> 01:20:47,126
are not allowed in town.
626
01:20:47,751 --> 01:20:50,917
If they have business here,
627
01:20:51,084 --> 01:20:55,084
they must avoid the main roads
and walk on the sides.
628
01:20:55,542 --> 01:20:57,792
But this is the land of the Buddha.
629
01:20:58,209 --> 01:21:03,667
Who said all are equal.
It shouldn't be like this.
630
01:21:03,834 --> 01:21:05,167
Venerable, it's not so strange.
631
01:21:05,709 --> 01:21:07,459
Although it is the Buddha's country,
632
01:21:08,626 --> 01:21:14,584
but his people are not all Buddhas.
633
01:21:46,376 --> 01:21:47,417
Hello
634
01:21:57,542 --> 01:21:58,501
Amitabha.
635
01:22:07,292 --> 01:22:09,626
This fruit is sweeter.
636
01:22:09,792 --> 01:22:14,917
The other ones will get a good price at market.
637
01:22:15,084 --> 01:22:18,792
Don't give them to me, sell them.
638
01:22:19,834 --> 01:22:23,001
I'm meeting a man in the next Village.
639
01:22:23,167 --> 01:22:26,376
Can you please take me there?
640
01:22:37,001 --> 01:22:37,876
Careful.
641
01:22:39,751 --> 01:22:43,626
Why wear a mask on such a hot day?
642
01:22:44,126 --> 01:22:49,417
Me... I'm a Slave. 1 was cursed by my master.
643
01:22:50,042 --> 01:22:52,251
It's a symbol of my wrongdoing.
644
01:22:53,209 --> 01:22:55,334
HOW did this come about?
645
01:22:55,501 --> 01:22:59,376
When I was Very little, I was orphaned
646
01:23:00,876 --> 01:23:03,334
and sold to a faraway Village
647
01:23:04,376 --> 01:23:06,792
as a slave to the Village chief's family.
648
01:23:08,417 --> 01:23:12,626
Six months ago,
their house caught fire in the night.
649
01:23:15,126 --> 01:23:18,042
How dare you touch my daughter?
650
01:23:18,209 --> 01:23:22,042
You have brought us this bad luck.
651
01:23:22,209 --> 01:23:25,334
Get out, you Worthless slave!
652
01:23:26,209 --> 01:23:29,334
No one must see your filthy face again.
653
01:23:30,792 --> 01:23:34,376
I've had to wear this ever since
654
01:23:35,251 --> 01:23:37,042
so no one sees my face.
655
01:23:37,459 --> 01:23:41,251
We live in a hut by the river.
656
01:23:42,417 --> 01:23:47,209
And the curse cannot be lifted?
657
01:23:50,459 --> 01:23:52,417
Only a Brahmin
658
01:23:53,042 --> 01:23:55,751
can release me from the mask.
659
01:23:58,001 --> 01:24:02,376
But who'd take pity on a poor slave?
660
01:24:05,459 --> 01:24:09,292
Kumari is the girl I saved.
661
01:24:20,751 --> 01:24:22,542
J ayaram saved my life
662
01:24:23,167 --> 01:24:28,376
but my father said
the s1aVe's touch had dirtied me.
663
01:24:28,876 --> 01:24:34,459
Only by dying a Brahmin's funeral pyre
664
01:24:34,626 --> 01:24:37,084
could I be purified.
665
01:24:38,001 --> 01:24:40,834
So I ran away with J ayaram,
666
01:24:41,084 --> 01:24:47,209
far from my family, to live an itinerant life.
667
01:24:51,126 --> 01:24:52,667
Although I'm alive,
668
01:24:54,959 --> 01:24:56,876
it's as though I'm dead.
669
01:25:46,251 --> 01:25:49,459
Good sir, Please have pity on J ayaram,
670
01:25:49,626 --> 01:25:55,459
who risked his life to save another.
671
01:25:55,626 --> 01:25:59,334
Please, have compassion
and release him from his curse.
672
01:26:00,917 --> 01:26:08,167
As you've come all the way from China
673
01:26:08,334 --> 01:26:12,626
I will do this and release him.
674
01:26:14,709 --> 01:26:17,792
And so the old Brahmin undid the curse,
675
01:26:18,042 --> 01:26:19,626
giving J ayaram back his face.
676
01:26:20,126 --> 01:26:23,876
He said: "Bathe in the Ganges. After 10 days,
677
01:26:24,167 --> 01:26:25,334
take off the mask."
678
01:27:41,376 --> 01:27:43,084
A storm.
679
01:27:44,042 --> 01:27:46,626
The Wind's up.
680
01:28:49,667 --> 01:28:51,834
The scriptures! My scriptures!
681
01:28:53,667 --> 01:28:54,459
J ayaram !
682
01:28:56,209 --> 01:28:59,042
- Careful, J ayaram! Careful, J ayaram!
- J ayaram!
683
01:29:42,126 --> 01:29:43,251
J ayaram !
684
01:29:44,792 --> 01:29:45,876
J ayaram !
685
01:30:47,751 --> 01:30:50,459
The gods removed J ayaram's mask
686
01:30:50,834 --> 01:30:54,542
And let his beautiful,
kind face be seen once more.
687
01:30:55,084 --> 01:30:56,751
This made me happy.
688
01:31:04,792 --> 01:31:07,876
Master. Ten years studying, traveling,
689
01:31:08,042 --> 01:31:11,001
collecting scriptures and relics.
what's it all for?
690
01:31:12,209 --> 01:31:13,667
To take back to the Tang.
691
01:31:14,459 --> 01:31:17,459
Master, you are so popular here.
692
01:31:17,626 --> 01:31:18,792
Why go back to the Tang?
693
01:31:19,501 --> 01:31:20,501
What's popularity?
694
01:31:21,126 --> 01:31:22,292
To be loved.
695
01:31:23,251 --> 01:31:26,667
I left in order to return, not to be loved.
696
01:31:27,334 --> 01:31:30,084
The trip might take another four years.
697
01:31:30,917 --> 01:31:33,792
So long as I get there, four years is nothing.
698
01:31:38,751 --> 01:31:42,001
I will read Emperor Harsha's letter.
699
01:31:42,209 --> 01:31:45,042
I, Harsha, have travelled to Udra,
700
01:31:45,584 --> 01:31:47,209
Where they slander Mahayana.
701
01:31:47,376 --> 01:31:52,376
I have heard that Nfilandfi is full of
702
01:31:52,792 --> 01:31:55,126
wise and Virtuous monks.
703
01:31:55,292 --> 01:31:59,501
I respectfully ask for four learned monks
704
01:31:59,667 --> 01:32:03,792
to take part in a theological debate.
705
01:32:04,084 --> 01:32:11,917
The Buddha says: "a monk should not argue."
706
01:32:12,751 --> 01:32:19,751
Yet if Dharma is at stake, we have no choice.
707
01:32:19,917 --> 01:32:22,709
And so. I will choose four monks
708
01:32:23,626 --> 01:32:27,126
to participate in the great debate.
709
01:32:27,584 --> 01:32:29,084
Haihui.
710
01:32:29,251 --> 01:32:30,584
Zhiguaf1g-
711
01:32:32,417 --> 01:32:34,042
Simharsami.
712
01:32:38,876 --> 01:32:40,292
Xuanzang.
713
01:32:41,334 --> 01:32:44,792
You will take part.
714
01:32:48,959 --> 01:32:51,959
You will debate scripture,
715
01:32:52,917 --> 01:32:57,959
not just for the glory of Nalanda,
716
01:32:58,126 --> 01:33:03,542
but the truth of Dharma.
717
01:33:03,709 --> 01:33:07,917
Now, put my mind at ease.
718
01:33:08,542 --> 01:33:12,667
Each of you, say a few words.
719
01:33:12,834 --> 01:33:13,834
Abbot,
720
01:33:14,001 --> 01:33:16,834
I know Buddhist logic and language
721
01:33:17,084 --> 01:33:24,334
but in other areas of study, I'm not so confident.
722
01:33:24,501 --> 01:33:25,376
Abbot,
723
01:33:25,542 --> 01:33:30,542
I fear that a great debate of 18 days
724
01:33:31,417 --> 01:33:33,126
is not for an old man like me.
725
01:33:37,376 --> 01:33:43,376
So modest! And if you're old, what am I?
726
01:33:44,876 --> 01:33:45,959
Abbot,
727
01:33:46,876 --> 01:33:50,501
I'm happy to represent Nalanda.
728
01:33:50,667 --> 01:33:52,417
It's an honour.
729
01:33:53,251 --> 01:33:58,876
I came to Nalanda as a non-believer.
You converted me.
730
01:33:59,626 --> 01:34:02,376
I know Mahayana-samgraha
731
01:34:02,834 --> 01:34:05,126
and will triumph with it.
732
01:34:05,334 --> 01:34:11,042
Tell me about Hinayana and Mahayana.
733
01:34:11,709 --> 01:34:17,667
Hinayana aims at worthiness.
Mahayana aims at Buddhahood.
734
01:34:18,376 --> 01:34:23,292
And Prajnagupta's critiques of Mahayana?
735
01:34:23,501 --> 01:34:24,917
I don't know them.
736
01:34:25,084 --> 01:34:29,709
But anyway, my arguments are better.
737
01:34:33,959 --> 01:34:40,001
You underestimate Prajnagupta.
738
01:34:45,917 --> 01:34:47,084
Xuanzang,
739
01:34:48,001 --> 01:34:52,334
Can you tell me the difference
740
01:34:53,126 --> 01:34:54,584
between Mahayana and Hinayana?
741
01:34:57,917 --> 01:34:59,501
Yes, Abbot.
742
01:34:59,667 --> 01:35:01,834
Hinayana believes
743
01:35:02,001 --> 01:35:04,251
that the universe is material
744
01:35:04,417 --> 01:35:08,001
but perception illusory.
745
01:35:08,167 --> 01:35:10,959
But Mahayana believes
746
01:35:11,126 --> 01:35:15,376
that both perception and the universe
are mutable and illusory.
747
01:35:15,542 --> 01:35:17,126
Mahayana sees the universe's true face.
748
01:35:17,292 --> 01:35:19,667
All is mutable, all is illusion.
749
01:35:20,167 --> 01:35:21,251
Very good.
750
01:35:22,334 --> 01:35:25,209
You speak to the essence of it.
751
01:35:26,792 --> 01:35:29,251
My worries have dissolved.
752
01:35:29,501 --> 01:35:32,542
Today is a happy day.
753
01:35:33,251 --> 01:35:38,876
I praise and thank Lord Buddha.
754
01:36:05,084 --> 01:36:08,751
The Harsha Empire
was the greatest empire in Sidhu.
755
01:36:09,459 --> 01:36:13,001
Harsha brought together 18 kings
for a theological debate
756
01:36:13,501 --> 01:36:15,792
that would affect all Sidhu.
757
01:36:33,042 --> 01:36:35,459
Welcome, learned and Virtuous monks.
758
01:36:35,792 --> 01:36:40,334
I convene this debate on Dharma
759
01:36:40,501 --> 01:36:43,542
in honour of the Buddha.
760
01:36:44,459 --> 01:36:46,167
We are here to discuss
761
01:36:46,709 --> 01:36:50,167
Hinayana and Mahayana.
762
01:36:51,084 --> 01:36:54,167
We have the Venerable Prajnagupta,
763
01:36:54,334 --> 01:36:58,167
author of 700 Verses against Mahayana
764
01:36:59,001 --> 01:37:03,917
and the Venerable Xuanzang of Nalanda,
765
01:37:04,209 --> 01:37:08,792
the author of 1600 Verses for it.
766
01:37:10,042 --> 01:37:12,584
The texts are on display.
767
01:37:13,792 --> 01:37:19,001
Over the next 18 days, anyone with different ideas
768
01:37:19,626 --> 01:37:24,459
who wishes to present them, please speak up.
769
01:37:25,209 --> 01:37:28,001
At the end, we will celebrate the Victor
770
01:37:29,001 --> 01:37:31,209
and pay homage to him
771
01:37:31,542 --> 01:37:36,084
as he parades on an elephant.
772
01:38:20,042 --> 01:38:22,292
All my arguments were written down.
773
01:38:23,292 --> 01:38:25,292
I wasn't nervous or worried.
774
01:38:25,959 --> 01:38:27,584
I loved the atmosphere,
775
01:38:28,084 --> 01:38:29,917
and the diversity there,
776
01:38:30,501 --> 01:38:34,459
like a lake fed by many streams,
brimming and full.
777
01:38:55,292 --> 01:38:58,001
Swami, you come from China.
778
01:38:58,667 --> 01:39:03,584
The drums recall the triumphal music
779
01:39:04,001 --> 01:39:07,834
of your emperor.
780
01:39:08,584 --> 01:39:13,209
Yes, tell us, what he has done
781
01:39:13,376 --> 01:39:17,126
to be so revered by his people?
782
01:39:18,251 --> 01:39:21,792
He is the Son of Heaven of the Tang,
783
01:39:21,959 --> 01:39:25,959
who was previously called "Qin".
784
01:39:26,126 --> 01:39:29,542
The people love and support him.
785
01:39:30,667 --> 01:39:31,417
Of course,
786
01:39:32,626 --> 01:39:36,959
it is heaven's will that he rules.
787
01:39:53,751 --> 01:39:56,001
Hinayana' and 'Mahayana' are metaphors.
788
01:39:56,709 --> 01:39:59,334
To put it simply, they are like ferries.
789
01:40:00,042 --> 01:40:02,876
Hinayana - 'sma11Vehic1e'
transports an individual.
790
01:40:03,417 --> 01:40:06,334
Mahayana - 'greater Vehicle'
transports others as well.
791
01:40:06,501 --> 01:40:07,792
Compassion.
792
01:40:08,542 --> 01:40:11,042
It is how Buddhism changes the world.
793
01:40:11,501 --> 01:40:14,417
Buddha forbid the taking of life,
794
01:40:15,042 --> 01:40:16,959
including of those with other beliefs.
795
01:40:17,626 --> 01:40:19,459
Mahayana's love and tolerance
796
01:40:20,001 --> 01:40:21,501
can cleanse the world of Violence,
797
01:40:22,042 --> 01:40:23,709
and make it a more beautiful place.
798
01:40:24,292 --> 01:40:26,292
This is the greatness of Buddha.
799
01:40:34,959 --> 01:40:36,542
The great scriptural debate
800
01:40:36,959 --> 01:40:39,042
spread the Dharma far and wide.
801
01:40:39,917 --> 01:40:42,292
Winning didn't matter so much to me.
802
01:40:43,042 --> 01:40:44,126
It was the process,
803
01:40:44,584 --> 01:40:47,376
how the truth of Mahayana was spread,
804
01:40:48,001 --> 01:40:49,792
that gave it meaning.
805
01:40:57,751 --> 01:40:59,001
Eighteen days have passed.
806
01:41:00,542 --> 01:41:02,667
There was no need for debate.
807
01:41:03,917 --> 01:41:06,001
It was like when the sun rises,
808
01:41:06,917 --> 01:41:08,917
the fireflies stop glowing.
809
01:41:09,876 --> 01:41:14,209
Or when it's thundering, hammers are silenced.
810
01:41:14,751 --> 01:41:18,251
It was thus, that all other arguments
811
01:41:18,792 --> 01:41:22,792
faded away before Xuanzang's.
812
01:41:23,792 --> 01:41:28,501
I congratulate him and Nalanda Temple
813
01:41:29,084 --> 01:41:30,542
for their Victory
814
01:42:14,376 --> 01:42:16,917
Venerable, please.
815
01:42:41,376 --> 01:42:43,959
At this moment, in my mind,
816
01:42:44,126 --> 01:42:46,167
I saw a monk called Xuanzang
817
01:42:46,334 --> 01:42:48,751
surrounded by admirers riding an elephant,
818
01:42:49,917 --> 01:42:52,584
applauded by all, praised by all,
819
01:42:52,959 --> 01:42:54,667
paraded in their midst.
820
01:42:56,334 --> 01:42:57,959
I can go home now,
821
01:42:59,334 --> 01:43:00,626
I want to go home.
822
01:43:16,542 --> 01:43:22,292
Buddhism is in decline in Sidhu.
823
01:43:22,459 --> 01:43:26,167
Only Nalanda keeps it alive.
824
01:43:26,751 --> 01:43:33,376
But it is advancing in the Tang.
825
01:43:35,209 --> 01:43:41,834
You will help it to flourish there.
826
01:43:43,751 --> 01:43:46,376
The true Value of your journey to Sidhu
827
01:43:47,959 --> 01:43:52,626
lies there.
828
01:44:43,501 --> 01:44:46,334
When I think of home, I dream of my mother.
829
01:44:47,542 --> 01:44:50,959
Although I was Very small when I lost her,
830
01:44:51,876 --> 01:44:54,667
her image often appears to me.
831
01:44:55,501 --> 01:44:58,542
It makes me feel homesick.
832
01:45:16,584 --> 01:45:18,709
The kings Harsha and J anaka Kumara
833
01:45:19,084 --> 01:45:21,042
want you to stay in Sidhu
834
01:45:23,126 --> 01:45:26,209
What do you think?
835
01:45:28,542 --> 01:45:31,834
This is the homeland of the Buddha.
836
01:45:32,001 --> 01:45:35,709
It's not that I don't love it,
837
01:45:35,876 --> 01:45:42,209
but I came for the scriptures,
838
01:45:42,417 --> 01:45:46,209
and I need to take them back.
839
01:45:48,417 --> 01:45:49,667
On the return journey,
840
01:45:50,417 --> 01:45:53,792
The emperor sent a party to meet me.
841
01:45:54,459 --> 01:45:56,209
They had an edict that said,
842
01:45:57,126 --> 01:45:59,292
Having gone west for the Dharma,
843
01:45:59,751 --> 01:46:03,459
the monk was returning,
and this truly delights us.
844
01:46:04,334 --> 01:46:08,376
All officials are to help him on his way.'
845
01:49:16,209 --> 01:49:18,584
I finally brought the scriptures home.
846
01:49:19,834 --> 01:49:21,834
Translating them into Chinese
847
01:49:22,251 --> 01:49:24,501
gave my life meaning.
848
01:49:25,126 --> 01:49:28,542
Nothing was more important.